5 Women Who Changed the Science of Sex

If you study the history of sex research, you’re likely to see certain names mentioned over and over again, such as Sigmund Freud, Alfred Kinsey, and William Masters. The contributions of these men were undoubtedly foundational. They offered novel theories and insights into human sexuality and helped to open up conversations about a subject that was rarely discussed at the time. However, something we rarely hear about in the history books are the women who had a major influence on the field of sexology. Their contributions have not always received the same recognition. Given that we’re in the midst of Women’s History Month, let’s take a moment to highlight some of the women who have advanced our understanding of human sexuality in important ways.

Collectively, the work of scholars such as Shere Hite, Evelyn Hooker, Virginia Johnson, June Dobbs Butts, and Kimberlé Crenshaw helped transform the field of sexology. Their research and advocacy helped demystify the female orgasm, challenge long-standing assumptions about women’s sexuality, advocate for the needs and experiences of women of color, and push back against restrictive beliefs about gender and sexuality. Together, these researchers broadened the scope of sexuality research, challenged entrenched biases, and helped pave the way for more inclusive and evidence-based understandings of human sexuality.

To that end, check out our “sexology changemakers” series featuring:

• Shere Hite
• Evelyn Hooker
• June Dobbs Butts
• Kimberle Crenshaw
• Virginia Johnson

Despite the significance of their contributions, the work of women in sexology continues to be overlooked or overshadowed in historical accounts of the field. Many conducted their research in male-dominated academic environments and faced barriers to recognition, funding, and professional advancement—even when their findings fundamentally changed how we think about sexuality. Their names may be less familiar than those of their male counterparts, but their insights helped reshape both scientific and cultural conversation around sex.

This Women’s History Month, we encourage you to explore their important work! Check out the linked articles above for a detailed summary of these important researchers’ lives and scientific contributions.

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Images sourced from Legacy, UCLA College, and Columbia Law School